Table 5.1 Workers by status in employmentWorkers of all ages, usual status (ps+ss). per cent .
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 Own-account worker 37.0 Employer 3.6 Helper in a household enterprise 15.6 Regular wage or salaried employee 23.6 Casual labour in public works 0.8 Casual labour in other work 19.4
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 Own-account worker 37.0 Employer 3.6 Helper in a househol… 15.6 Regular wage or sala… 23.6 Casual labour in pub… 0.8 Casual labour in oth… 19.4
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.2 Workers by broad status in employmentWorkers of all ages, usual status (ps+ss). per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Self-employed 56.2 Regular wage or salaried 23.6 Casual labour 20.2
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Self-employed 56.2 Regular wage or sala… 23.6 Casual labour 20.2
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.3 Workers by broad industryWorkers of all ages with a known industry, usual status (ps+ss). per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Agriculture 43.0 Mining and quarrying 0.3 Manufacturing 12.1 Electricity, water and the like 0.7 Construction 12.0 Trade, hotels and restaurants 12.9 Transport, storage and communication 5.8 Other services 13.1
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Agriculture 43.0 Mining and quarrying 0.3 Manufacturing 12.1 Electricity, water a… 0.7 Construction 12.0 Trade, hotels and re… 12.9 Transport, storage a… 5.8 Other services 13.1
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.4 Workers by industry section (NIC-2008)Workers of all ages with a known industry, usual status (ps+ss). per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 A. Agriculture, forestry and fishing 43.0 B. Mining and quarrying 0.3 C. Manufacturing 12.1 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditio… 0.3 E. Water supply, sewerage and waste 0.3 F. Construction 12.0 G. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of ve… 10.8 H. Transport and storage 4.5 I. Accommodation and food services 2.2 J. Information and communication 1.3 K. Finance and insurance 1.2 L. Real estate 0.2 M. Professional, scientific and technical 0.9 N. Administrative and support services 1.1 O. Public administration and defence 1.4 P. Education 3.3 Q. Health and social work 1.5 R. Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.3 S. Other services 1.9 T. Households as employers 1.3 U. Extraterritorial organisations 0.0
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 A. Agriculture, fore… 43.0 B. Mining and quarry… 0.3 C. Manufacturing 12.1 D. Electricity, gas,… 0.3 E. Water supply, sew… 0.3 F. Construction 12.0 G. Wholesale and ret… 10.8 H. Transport and sto… 4.5 I. Accommodation and… 2.2 J. Information and c… 1.3 K. Finance and insur… 1.2 L. Real estate 0.2 M. Professional, sci… 0.9 N. Administrative an… 1.1 O. Public administra… 1.4 P. Education 3.3 Q. Health and social… 1.5 R. Arts, entertainme… 0.3 S. Other services 1.9 T. Households as emp… 1.3 U. Extraterritorial … 0.0
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.5 Workers by occupation (NCO-2015 division)Workers of all ages with a known occupation, usual status (ps+ss). per cent .
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 Managers 2.7 Professionals 5.6 Technicians and associate professionals 2.5 Clerical support workers 2.2 Service and sales workers 12.8 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery … 35.1 Craft and related trades workers 11.4 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 5.9 Elementary occupations 21.9
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 Managers 2.7 Professionals 5.6 Technicians and asso… 2.5 Clerical support wor… 2.2 Service and sales wo… 12.8 Skilled agricultural… 35.1 Craft and related tr… 11.4 Plant and machine op… 5.9 Elementary occupatio… 21.9
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.6 Workers outside crop farming, by type of enterpriseWorkers in all industries but growing crops (NIC 011-013, 015), usual status. per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Proprietary, male 59.9 Proprietary, female 15.4 Partnership 1.1 Government or local body 8.4 Public sector enterprise 0.7 Autonomous body 0.2 Public or private limited company 10.2 Co-operative society 0.3 Trust or other non-profit 1.1 Employer's household 1.9 Others or not known 0.8
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Proprietary, male 59.9 Proprietary, female 15.4 Partnership 1.1 Government or local … 8.4 Public sector enterp… 0.7 Autonomous body 0.2 Public or private li… 10.2 Co-operative society 0.3 Trust or other non-p… 1.1 Employer's household 1.9 Others or not known 0.8
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.7 Workers outside crop farming in proprietary and partnership enterprisesWorkers in all industries but growing crops, usual status. per cent . The informal sector as the Annual Reports define it: proprietary and partnership enterprises.
0.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 Self-employed 99.8 Regular wage or salaried 39.4 Casual labour 90.5 All workers 76.3
0.0 25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 Self-employed 99.8 Regular wage or sala… 39.4 Casual labour 90.5 All workers 76.3
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.8 Workers outside crop farming, by number of workers in the enterpriseWorkers in all industries but growing crops, usual status. per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Fewer than 6 66.4 6 to 9 10.7 10 to 19 6.1 20 and above 15.7 Not known 1.2
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 Fewer than 6 66.4 6 to 9 10.7 10 to 19 6.1 20 and above 15.7 Not known 1.2
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.9 Workers outside crop farming, by place of workWorkers in all industries but growing crops, usual status. per cent .
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 In or beside the worker's own dwelling 19.0 Own enterprise, away from the dwelling 12.4 The employer's dwelling 2.6 The employer's enterprise, office or shop 36.3 A street, at a fixed place 2.5 A construction site 14.9 Elsewhere 7.1 No fixed workplace 5.3
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 In or beside the wor… 19.0 Own enterprise, away… 12.4 The employer's dwell… 2.6 The employer's enter… 36.3 A street, at a fixed… 2.5 A construction site 14.9 Elsewhere 7.1 No fixed workplace 5.3
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.10 Self-employed in farming, forestry, fishing and mining, by what is done with the produceSelf-employed in usual principal status in NIC divisions 01-09. per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 All for the household's own use 7.8 Mostly for own use 18.0 Mostly for sale 63.9 All for sale 10.3
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 All for the househol… 7.8 Mostly for own use 18.0 Mostly for sale 63.9 All for sale 10.3
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.11 Workers by how long they have been in their principal workWorkers in usual principal status. per cent .
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 Six months or less 1.0 Six months to a year 2.5 One to two years 5.2 Two to three years 6.2 More than three years 85.0
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 Six months or less 1.0 Six months to a year 2.5 One to two years 5.2 Two to three years 6.2 More than three years 85.0
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Table 5.12 Workers with a subsidiary activityWorkers in usual principal status. per cent .
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 All workers 19.6
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 All workers 19.6
All India. PLFS 2025, computed by the observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records. Computed by the India Labour Observatory from MoSPI's unit-level records of the Periodic Labour Force Survey, January to December 2025; Release 2026.10 .